Florida Traffic Laws (Section 2)

316.070: Exchange of information at scene of crash. – The law enforcement officer at the scene of a crash required to be reported in accordance with the provisions of s. 316.066 shall instruct the driver of each vehicle involved in the crash to report the following to all other parties suffering injury or property damage as an apparent result of the crash:

(1) – The name and address of the owner and the driver of the vehicle.

(2) – The license number of the vehicle.

(3) – The name of the liability carrier for the vehicle.

History – s. 1, ch. 74-201; s. 92, ch. 99-248.

316.071: Disabled vehicles obstructing traffic. – Whenever a vehicle is disabled on any street or highway within the state or for any reason obstructs the regular flow of traffic, the driver shall move the vehicle so as not to obstruct the regular flow of traffic or, if he or she cannot move the vehicle alone, solicit help and move the vehicle so as not to obstruct the regular flow of traffic. Any person failing to comply with the provisions of this section shall be cited for a nonmoving violation, punishable as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 4, ch. 75-72; ss. 1, 33, ch. 76-31; s. 300, ch. 95-148; s. 13, ch. 96-350.

Note. – Former s. 316.1031.

316.072: Obedience to and effect of traffic laws. – (1) – PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER REFERRING TO VEHICLES UPON THE HIGHWAYS. – The provisions of this chapter shall apply to the operation of vehicles and bicycles and the movement of pedestrians upon all state-maintained highways, county-maintained highways, and municipal streets and alleys and wherever vehicles have the right to travel.

(2) – REQUIRED OBEDIENCE TO TRAFFIC LAWS. – It is unlawful for any person to do any act forbidden, or to fail to perform any act required, in this chapter. It is unlawful for the owner, or any other person employing or otherwise directing the driver of any vehicle, to require or knowingly permit the operation of such vehicle upon a highway in any manner contrary to law. A violation of this subsection is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

(3) – OBEDIENCE TO POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS. – It is unlawful and a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, for any person willfully to fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of any law enforcement officer, traffic crash investigation officer as described in s. 316.640, traffic infraction enforcement officer as described in s. 316.640, or member of the fire department at the scene of a fire, rescue operation, or other emergency. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, certified emergency medical technicians or paramedics may respond to the scene of emergencies and may provide emergency medical treatment on the scene and provide transport of patients in the performance of their duties for an emergency medical services provider licensed under chapter 401 and in accordance with any local emergency medical response protocols.

(4) – PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES TO OBEY CHAPTER; EXCEPTIONS. –

(a) – The provisions of this chapter applicable to the drivers of vehicles upon the highways shall apply to the drivers of all vehicles owned or operated by the United States, this state, or any county, city, town, district, or any other political subdivision of the state, subject to such specific exceptions as are set forth in this chapter.

(b) – Unless specifically made applicable, the provisions of this chapter, except those contained in ss. 316.192, 316.1925, and 316.193, shall not apply to persons, teams, or motor vehicles and other equipment while actually engaged in work upon the surface of a highway, but shall apply to such persons and vehicles when traveling to or from such work.

(5) – AUTHORIZED EMERGENCY VEHICLES. –

(a)1. – The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle, when responding to an emergency call, when in the pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, or when responding to a fire alarm, but not upon returning from a fire;

2. – A medical staff physician or technician of a medical facility licensed by the state when responding to an emergency in the line of duty in his or her privately owned vehicle, using red lights as authorized in s. 316.2398; or

3. – The driver of an authorized law enforcement vehicle, when conducting a nonemergency escort, to warn the public of an approaching motorcade;

may exercise the privileges set forth in this section, but subject to the conditions herein stated.

(b) – The driver of a vehicle specified in paragraph (a), except when otherwise directed by a police officer, may:

1. – Park or stand, irrespective of the provisions of this chapter;

2. – Proceed past a red or stop signal or stop sign, but only after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation;

3. – Exceed the maximum speed limits so long as the driver does not endanger life or property;

4. – Disregard regulations governing direction or movement or turning in specified directions, so long as the driver does not endanger life or property.

(c) – The foregoing provisions shall not relieve the driver of a vehicle specified in paragraph (a) from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons, nor shall such provisions protect the driver from the consequences of his or her reckless disregard for the safety of others.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; ss. 1, 7, ch. 76-31; s. 2, ch. 77-456; s. 1, ch. 80-176; s. 1, ch. 88-74; s. 301, ch. 95-148; s. 14, ch. 97-256; s. 15, ch. 97-300; s. 87, ch. 99-13; s. 93, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.051.

316.073: Applicability to animals and animal-drawn vehicles. – Every person driving an animal-drawn vehicle upon a roadway is subject to the provisions of this chapter applicable to the driver of a vehicle, except those provisions of this chapter which by their nature can have no application. The provisions of this chapter applicable to pedestrians, with the exception of s. 316.130(3), apply to any person riding or leading an animal upon a roadway or the shoulder thereof.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 1, ch. 83-88.

Note. – Former s. 316.052.

316.074: Obedience to and required traffic control devices. – (1) – The driver of any vehicle shall obey the instructions of any official traffic control device applicable thereto, placed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, unless otherwise directed by a police officer, subject to the exceptions granted the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle in this chapter.

(2) – No person shall drive any vehicle from a roadway to another roadway to avoid obeying the indicated traffic control indicated by such traffic control device.

(3) – No provision of this chapter for which official traffic control devices are required shall be enforced against an alleged violator if at the time and place of the alleged violation an official device is not in proper position and sufficiently legible to be seen by an ordinarily observant person. Whenever a particular section does not state that official traffic control devices are required, such section shall be effective even though no devices are erected or in place.

(4) – Whenever official traffic control devices are placed in position approximately conforming to the requirements of this chapter, such devices shall be presumed to have been so placed by the official act or direction of lawful authority unless the contrary shall be established by competent evidence.

(5) – Any official traffic control device placed pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and purporting to conform to the lawful requirements pertaining to such devices shall be presumed to comply with the requirements of this chapter unless the contrary shall be established by competent evidence.

(6) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 94, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.053.

316.0741: High-occupancy-vehicle lanes. – (1) – As used in this section, the term:

(a) – “High-occupancy-vehicle lane” or “HOV lane” means a lane of a public roadway designated for use by vehicles in which there is more than one occupant unless otherwise authorized by federal law.

(b) – “Hybrid vehicle” means a motor vehicle:

1. – That draws propulsion energy from onboard sources of stored energy which are both an internal combustion or heat engine using combustible fuel and a rechargeable energy-storage system;

2. – That, in the case of a passenger automobile or light truck, has received a certificate of conformity under the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. ss. 7401 et seq., and meets or exceeds the equivalent qualifying California standards for a low-emission vehicle; and

3. – That, in the case of a tri-vehicle, is an inherently low-emission vehicle as provided in subsection (4).

(2) – The number of persons who must be in a vehicle to qualify for legal use of the HOV lane and the hours during which the lane will serve as an HOV lane, if it is not designated as such on a full-time basis, must also be indicated on a traffic control device.

(3) – Except as provided in subsection (4), a vehicle may not be driven in an HOV lane if the vehicle is occupied by fewer than the number of occupants indicated by a traffic control device. A driver who violates this section shall be cited for a moving violation, punishable as provided in chapter 318.

(4)(a) – Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an inherently low-emission vehicle (ILEV) that is certified and labeled in accordance with federal regulations may be driven in an HOV lane at any time, regardless of its occupancy. In addition, upon the state’s receipt of written notice from the proper federal regulatory agency authorizing such use, a vehicle defined as a hybrid vehicle under this section may be driven in an HOV lane at any time, regardless of its occupancy.

(b) – All eligible hybrid and all eligible other low-emission and energy-efficient vehicles driven in an HOV lane must comply with the minimum fuel economy standards in 23 U.S.C. s. 166(f)(3)(B).

(c) – Upon issuance of the applicable United States Environmental Protection Agency final rule pursuant to 23 U.S.C. s. 166(e), relating to the eligibility of hybrid and other low-emission and energy-efficient vehicles for operation in an HOV lane, regardless of occupancy, the Department of Transportation shall review the rule and recommend to the Legislature any statutory changes necessary for compliance with the federal rule. The department shall provide its recommendations no later than 30 days following issuance of the final rule.

(5) – The department shall issue a decal and registration certificate, to be renewed annually, reflecting the HOV lane designation on vehicles meeting the criteria in subsection (4) authorizing driving in an HOV lane at any time. The department may charge a fee for a decal, not to exceed the costs of designing, producing, and distributing each decal, or $5, whichever is less. The proceeds from sale of the decals shall be deposited in the Highway Safety Operating Trust Fund. The department may, for reasons of operation and management of HOV facilities, limit or discontinue issuance of decals for the use of HOV facilities by hybrid and low-emission and energy-efficient vehicles, regardless of occupancy, if it has been determined by the Department of Transportation that the facilities are degraded as defined by 23 U.S.C. s. 166(d)(2).

(6) – Vehicles having decals by virtue of compliance with the minimum fuel economy standards under 23 U.S.C. s. 166(f)(3)(B), and which are registered for use in high-occupancy-vehicle toll lanes or express lanes in accordance with Department of Transportation rule, shall be allowed to use any HOV lanes redesignated as high-occupancy-vehicle toll lanes or express lanes without requiring payment of a toll.

(7) – The department may adopt rules necessary to administer this section.

History – s. 28, ch. 95-257; s. 64, ch. 96-323; s. 14, ch. 96-350; s. 1, ch. 2003-45; s. 1, ch. 2008-176; s. 28, ch. 2008-227; s. 3, ch. 2010-223.

316.0745: Uniform signals and devices. – (1) – The Department of Transportation shall adopt a uniform system of traffic control devices for use on the streets and highways of the state. The uniform system shall, insofar as is practicable, conform to the system adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials and shall be revised from time to time to include changes necessary to conform to a uniform national system or to meet local and state needs. The Department of Transportation may call upon representatives of local authorities to assist in the preparation or revision of the uniform system of traffic control devices.

(2) – The Department of Transportation shall compile and publish a manual of uniform traffic control devices which defines the uniform system adopted pursuant to subsection (1), and shall compile and publish minimum specifications for traffic control signals and devices certified by it as conforming with the uniform system.

(a) – The department shall make copies of such manual and specifications available to all counties, municipalities, and other public bodies having jurisdiction of streets or highways open to the public in this state.

(b) – The manual shall provide for the use of regulatory speed signs in work zone areas. The installation of such signs is exempt from the provisions of s. 335.10.

(3) – All official traffic control signals or official traffic control devices purchased and installed in this state by any public body or official shall conform with the manual and specifications published by the Department of Transportation pursuant to subsection (2).

(4) – It shall be unlawful for any public body or official to purchase, or for anyone to sell, any traffic control signal or device unless it conforms with the manual and specifications published by the Department of Transportation and is certified to be of such conformance prior to sale. Any manufacturer or vendor who sells any traffic control signal, guide, or directional sign or device without such certification shall be ineligible to bid or furnish traffic control devices to any public body or official for such period of time as may be established by the Department of Transportation; however, such period of time shall be for not less than 1 year from the date of notification of such ineligibility.

(5) – It is unlawful for any public body to manufacture for installation or placement any traffic control signal, guide, or directional sign or device unless it conforms to the uniform system of traffic control devices published by the Department of Transportation. It is unlawful for any public body to sell any traffic control signal, guide, or directional sign or device it manufactures to any nongovernmental entity or person.

(6) – Any system of traffic control devices controlled and operated from a remote location by electronic computers or similar devices must meet all requirements established for the uniform system, and, if such a system affects the movement of traffic on state roads, the design of the system shall be reviewed and approved by the Department of Transportation.

(7) – The Department of Transportation is authorized, after hearing pursuant to 14 days’ notice, to direct the removal of any purported traffic control device wherever located which fails to meet the requirements of this section. The public agency erecting or installing the same shall immediately remove said device or signal upon the direction of the Department of Transportation and may not, for a period of 5 years, install any replacement or new traffic control devices paid for in part or in full with revenues raised by the state unless written prior approval is received from the Department of Transportation. Any additional violation by a public body or official shall be cause for the withholding of state funds for traffic control purposes until such public body or official demonstrates to the Department of Transportation that it is complying with this section.

(8) – The Department of Transportation is authorized to permit traffic control devices not in conformity with the uniform system upon showing of good cause.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 72-189; s. 1, ch. 73-310; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 1, ch. 77-146; s. 1, ch. 80-178; s. 4, ch. 88-91; s. 3, ch. 88-93; s. 95, ch. 99-248; s. 6, ch. 2010-80.

Note. – Former s. 316.131.

316.07456: Transitional implementation. – Any traffic infraction detector deployed on the highways, streets, and roads of this state must meet specifications established by the Department of Transportation, and must be tested at regular intervals according to specifications prescribed by the Department of Transportation. The Department of Transportation must establish such specifications on or before December 31, 2010. However, any such equipment acquired by purchase, lease, or other arrangement under an agreement entered into by a county or municipality on or before July 1, 2011, or equipment used to enforce an ordinance enacted by a county or municipality on or before July 1, 2011, is not required to meet the specifications established by the Department of Transportation until July 1, 2011.

History – s. 7, ch. 2010-80.

316.0747: Sale or purchase of traffic control devices by nongovernmental entities; prohibitions. – (1) – It is unlawful for any nongovernmental entity to use any traffic control device at any place where the general public is invited, unless such device conforms to the uniform system of traffic control devices adopted by the Department of Transportation pursuant to this chapter.

(2) – Nongovernmental entities to which the general public is invited to travel shall install and maintain uniform traffic control devices at appropriate locations pursuant to the standards set forth by the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices as adopted by the Department of Transportation pursuant to s. 316.0745. Businesses the parking lots of which do not provide intersecting lanes of traffic and businesses having fewer than 25 parking spaces are exempt from the provisions of this subsection.

(3) – A person who violates this section commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History – s. 1, ch. 79-376; s. 1, ch. 90-121; s. 13, ch. 99-5; s. 88, ch. 99-13; s. 96, ch. 99-248; s. 24, ch. 2013-18.

316.075: Traffic control signal devices. – (1) – Except for automatic warning signal lights installed or to be installed at railroad crossings, whenever traffic, including municipal traffic, is controlled by traffic control signals exhibiting different colored lights, or colored lighted arrows, successively one at a time or in combination, only the colors green, red, and yellow shall be used, except for special pedestrian signals carrying a word legend, and the lights shall indicate and apply to drivers of vehicles and pedestrians as follows:

(a) – Green indication. –

1. – Vehicular traffic facing a circular green signal may proceed cautiously straight through or turn right or left unless a sign at such place prohibits either such turn. But vehicular traffic, including vehicles turning right or left, shall yield the right-of-way to other vehicles and to pedestrians lawfully within the intersection or an adjacent crosswalk at the time such signal is exhibited.

2. – Vehicular traffic facing a green arrow signal, shown alone or in combination with another indication, as directed by the manual, may cautiously enter the intersection only to make the movement indicated by such arrow, or such other movement as is permitted by other indications shown at the same time, except the driver of any vehicle may U-turn, so as to proceed in the opposite direction unless such movement is prohibited by posted traffic control signs. Such vehicular traffic shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to other traffic lawfully using the intersection.

3. – Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian control signal as provided in s. 316.0755, pedestrians facing any green signal, except when the sole green signal is a turn arrow, may proceed across the roadway within any marked or unmarked crosswalk.

(b) – Steady yellow indication. –

1. – Vehicular traffic facing a steady yellow signal is thereby warned that the related green movement is being terminated or that a red indication will be exhibited immediately thereafter when vehicular traffic shall not enter the intersection.

2. – Pedestrians facing a steady yellow signal, unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian control signal as provided in s. 316.0755, are thereby advised that there is insufficient time to cross the roadway before a red indication is shown and no pedestrian shall start to cross the roadway.

(c) – Steady red indication. –

1. – Vehicular traffic facing a steady red signal shall stop before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection or, if none, then before entering the intersection and shall remain standing until a green indication is shown; however:

a. – The driver of a vehicle which is stopped at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or, if none then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering the intersection in obedience to a steady red signal may make a right turn, but shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and other traffic proceeding as directed by the signal at the intersection, except that municipal and county authorities may prohibit any such right turn against a steady red signal at any intersection, which prohibition shall be effective when a sign giving notice thereof is erected in a location visible to traffic approaching the intersection.

b. – The driver of a vehicle on a one-way street that intersects another one-way street on which traffic moves to the left shall stop in obedience to a steady red signal, but may then make a left turn into the one-way street, but shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and other traffic proceeding as directed by the signal at the intersection, except that municipal and county authorities may prohibit any such left turn as described, which prohibition shall be effective when a sign giving notice thereof is attached to the traffic control signal device at the intersection.

2.a. – The driver of a vehicle facing a steady red signal shall stop before entering the crosswalk and remain stopped to allow a pedestrian, with a permitted signal, to cross a roadway when the pedestrian is in the crosswalk or steps into the crosswalk and is upon the half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling or when the pedestrian is approaching so closely from the opposite half of the roadway as to be in danger.

b. – Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian control signal as provided in s. 316.0755, pedestrians facing a steady red signal shall not enter the roadway.

(2) – In the event an official traffic control signal is erected and maintained at a place other than an intersection, the provisions of this section shall be applicable except as to those provisions which by their nature can have no application. Any stop required shall be made at a sign or marking on the pavement indicating where the stop shall be made, but in the absence of any such sign or marking the stop shall be made at the signal.

(3)(a) – No traffic control signal device shall be used which does not exhibit a yellow or “caution” light between the green or “go” signal and the red or “stop” signal.

(b) – No traffic control signal device shall display other than the color red at the top of the vertical signal, nor shall it display other than the color red at the extreme left of the horizontal signal.

(4) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable pursuant to chapter 318 as either a pedestrian violation or, if the infraction resulted from the operation of a vehicle, as a moving violation.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 71-376; ss. 1, 15, ch. 76-31; s. 3, ch. 95-333; s. 1, ch. 96-413; s. 97, ch. 99-248; s. 1, ch. 2008-33.

Note. – Former s. 316.138.

316.0755: Pedestrian control signals. – When pedestrian indicators are installed, such indicators must conform to the requirements of the most recent Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 302, ch. 95-148; s. 12, ch. 95-257.

Note. – Former s. 316.132.

316.076: Flashing signals. – (1) – Whenever an illuminated flashing red or yellow signal is used in a traffic sign or signal it shall require obedience by vehicular traffic as follows:

(a) – Flashing red (stop signal). – When a red lens is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, drivers of vehicles shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering the intersection, and the right to proceed shall be subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a stop sign.

(b) – Flashing yellow (caution signal). – When a yellow lens is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, drivers of vehicles may proceed through the intersection or past such signal only with caution.

(2) – This section does not apply at railroad-highway grade crossings. Conduct of drivers of vehicles approaching such crossings shall be governed by the rules as set forth in ss. 316.1575 and 316.159.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 5, ch. 86-243; s. 98, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.133.

316.0765: Lane direction control signals. – When lane direction control signals are placed over the individual lanes of a street or highway, vehicular traffic may travel in any lane or lanes over which a green signal is shown, but shall not enter or travel in any lane or lanes over which a red signal is shown. A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 99, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.134.

316.077: Display of unauthorized signs, signals or markings. – (1) – No person shall place, maintain or display upon or in view of any highway any unauthorized sign, signal, marking or device which purports to be or is an imitation of or resembles an official traffic control device or railroad sign or signal, or which attempts to direct the movement of traffic, or which hides from view or interferes with the effectiveness of any official traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal.

(2) – No person shall place or maintain nor shall any public authority permit upon any highway any traffic sign or signal bearing thereon any commercial advertising.

(3) – This section shall not be deemed to prohibit the erection upon private property adjacent to highways of signs giving useful directional information and of a type that cannot be mistaken for official signs.

(4) – Every such prohibited sign, signal or marking is declared to be a public nuisance and the authority having jurisdiction over the highway is empowered to remove the same or cause it to be removed without notice.

(5) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a nonmoving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 100, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.135.

316.0775: Interference with official traffic control devices or railroad signs or signals. – (1) – A person may not, without lawful authority, attempt to or in fact alter, deface, injure, knock down, or remove any official traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal or any inscription, shield, or insignia thereon, or any other part thereof. A violation of this subsection is a criminal violation pursuant to s. 318.17 and shall be punishable as set forth in s. 806.13 related to criminal mischief and graffiti, beginning on or after July 1, 2000.

(2) – A person may not, without lawful authority, possess or use any traffic signal preemption device as defined under s. 316.003. A person who violates this subsection commits a moving violation, punishable as provided in chapter 318, and shall have 4 points assessed against his or her driver license as set forth in s. 322.27.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 101, ch. 99-248; s. 3, ch. 2000-313; s. 28, ch. 2005-164.

Note. – Former s. 316.136.

316.0776: Traffic infraction detectors; placement and installation. – (1) – Traffic infraction detectors are allowed on state roads when permitted by the Department of Transportation and under placement and installation specifications developed by the Department of Transportation. Traffic infraction detectors are allowed on streets and highways under the jurisdiction of counties or municipalities in accordance with placement and installation specifications developed by the Department of Transportation.

(2)(a) – If the department, county, or municipality installs a traffic infraction detector at an intersection, the department, county, or municipality shall notify the public that a traffic infraction device may be in use at that intersection and must specifically include notification of camera enforcement of violations concerning right turns. Such signage used to notify the public must meet the specifications for uniform signals and devices adopted by the Department of Transportation pursuant to s. 316.0745.

(b) – If the department, county, or municipality begins a traffic infraction detector program in a county or municipality that has never conducted such a program, the respective department, county, or municipality shall also make a public announcement and conduct a public awareness campaign of the proposed use of traffic infraction detectors at least 30 days before commencing the enforcement program.

History – s. 8, ch. 2010-80.

316.0777: Automated license plate recognition systems; public records exemption. – (1) – As used in this section, the term:

(a) – “Active,” “criminal intelligence information,” and “criminal investigative information” have the same meanings as provided in s. 119.011(3).

(b) – “Agency” has the same meaning as provided in s. 119.011.

(c) – “Automated license plate recognition system” means a system of one or more mobile or fixed high-speed cameras combined with computer algorithms to convert images of license plates into computer-readable data.

(d) – “Criminal justice agency” has the same meaning as provided in s. 119.011.

(2) – The following information held by an agency is confidential and exempt from s. 119.07(1) and s. 24(a), Art. I of the State Constitution:

(a) – Images and data containing or providing personal identifying information obtained through the use of an automated license plate recognition system.

(b) – Personal identifying information of an individual in data generated or resulting from images obtained through the use of an automated license plate recognition system.

(3) – Such information may be disclosed as follows:

(a) – Any such information may be disclosed by or to a criminal justice agency in the performance of the criminal justice agency’s official duties.

(b) – Any such information relating to a license plate registered to an individual may be disclosed to the individual, unless such information constitutes active criminal intelligence information or active criminal investigative information.

(4) – This exemption applies to such information held by an agency before, on, or after the effective date of this exemption.

(5) – This section is subject to the Open Government Sunset Review Act in accordance with s. 119.15 and shall stand repealed on October 2, 2019, unless reviewed and saved from repeal through reenactment by the Legislature.

History – s. 1, ch. 2014-170.

316.0778: Automated license plate recognition systems; records retention. – (1) – As used in this section, the term “automated license plate recognition system” means a system of one or more mobile or fixed high-speed cameras combined with computer algorithms to convert images of license plates into computer-readable data.

(2) – In consultation with the Department of Law Enforcement, the Department of State shall establish a retention schedule for records containing images and data generated through the use of an automated license plate recognition system. The retention schedule must establish a maximum period that the records may be retained.

History – s. 4, ch. 2014-216.

316.078: Detour signs to be respected. – (1) – It is unlawful to tear down or deface any detour sign or to break down or drive around any barricade erected for the purpose of closing any section of a public street or highway to traffic during the construction or repair thereof or to drive over such section of public street or highway until again thrown open to public traffic. However, such restriction shall not apply to the person in charge of the construction or repairs.

(2) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable pursuant to chapter 318 as:

(a) – A nonmoving violation for tearing, breaking down, or defacing any detour sign.

(b) – A moving violation for driving around any barricade erected for the purpose of closing any section of a public street or highway to traffic that is under construction or repair or driving over such section of public street or highway until open to public traffic.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 102, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.056.

316.079: Duty to yield to highway construction workers. – (1) – Every driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian worker and flagperson engaged in maintenance or construction work on a highway whenever the driver is reasonably and lawfully notified of the presence of such worker by a flagperson and a warning sign or device.

(2) – Every driver of a vehicle on public roadways shall yield the right-of-way to an escort vehicle or pedestrian flagperson that is engaged in the management of highway movements of an oversize vehicle permitted pursuant to s. 316.550, provided the driver is reasonably and lawfully notified of the presence of such vehicle or flagperson.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 75-132; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 303, ch. 95-148; s. 13, ch. 95-257; s. 103, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.0565.

316.08: Requirements of flagpersons. – Any flagperson engaged in the direction of traffic on public roadways while accompanying an escort vehicle or any escort vehicle must:

(1) – Operate in accordance with all safety requirements prescribed by law and the Department of Transportation;

(2) – Operate only on the routes authorized by a special permit issued pursuant to s. 316.550 authorizing the specific vehicle and the load the flagperson or escort vehicle is accompanying; and

(3) – Meet any additional conditions required in the special permit.

History – s. 14, ch. 95-257.

316.081: Driving on right side of roadway; exceptions. – (1) – Upon all roadways of sufficient width, a vehicle shall be driven upon the right half of the roadway, except as follows:

(a) – When overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction under the rules governing such movement;

(b) – When an obstruction exists making it necessary to drive to the left of the center of the highway; provided any person so doing shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles traveling in the proper direction upon the unobstructed portion of the highway within such distance as to constitute an immediate hazard;

(c) – Upon a roadway divided into three marked lanes for traffic under the rules applicable thereon; or

(d) – Upon a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic.

(2) – Upon all roadways, any vehicle proceeding at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall be driven in the right-hand lane then available for traffic or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction or when preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.

(3) – On a road, street, or highway having two or more lanes allowing movement in the same direction, a driver may not continue to operate a motor vehicle in the furthermost left-hand lane if the driver knows or reasonably should know that he or she is being overtaken in that lane from the rear by a motor vehicle traveling at a higher rate of speed. This subsection does not apply to drivers operating a vehicle that is overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction, or is preparing for a left turn at an intersection.

(4) – Upon any roadway having four or more lanes for moving traffic and providing for two-way movement of traffic, no vehicle shall be driven to the left of the centerline of the roadway, except when authorized by official traffic control devices designating certain lanes to the left side of the center of the roadway for use by traffic not otherwise permitted to use such lanes, or except as permitted under paragraph (1)(b). However, this subsection shall not be construed as prohibiting the crossing of the centerline in making a left turn into or from an alley, private road, or driveway.

(5) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 104, ch. 99-248; s. 11, ch. 2013-160; s. 5, ch. 2014-216.

316.0815: Duty to yield to public transit vehicles. – (1) – The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a publicly owned transit bus traveling in the same direction which has signaled and is reentering the traffic flow from a specifically designated pullout bay.

(2) – This section does not relieve the driver of a public transit bus from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the roadway.

History – s. 9, ch. 99-385.

316.0817: Loading and unloading of bus passengers. – (1) – Notwithstanding any other law, a bus may not stop to load or unload passengers in a manner that impedes, blocks, or otherwise restricts the progression of traffic on the main-traveled portion of a roadway if there is another reasonable means for the bus to stop parallel to the travel lane and safely load and unload passengers. As used in this section, the term “reasonable means” means sufficient unobstructed pavement or a designated turn lane that is sufficient in length to allow the safe loading and unloading of passengers parallel to the travel lane.

(2) – This section does not apply to a school bus.

History – s. 6, ch. 2014-216.

316.082: Passing vehicles proceeding in opposite directions. – (1) – Drivers of vehicles proceeding in opposite directions shall pass each other to the right.

(2) – Upon roadways having width for not more than one line of traffic in each direction, each driver shall give to the other at least one-half of the main-traveled portion of the roadway, as nearly as possible.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 86-36; s. 105, ch. 99-248.

316.0825: Vehicle approaching an animal. – Every person operating a motor vehicle shall use reasonable care when approaching or passing a person who is riding or leading an animal upon a roadway or the shoulder thereof, and shall not intentionally startle or injure such an animal. A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 2, ch. 83-88; s. 69, ch. 90-321; s. 106, ch. 99-248.

316.083: Overtaking and passing a vehicle. – The following rules shall govern the overtaking and passing of vehicles proceeding in the same direction, subject to those limitations, exceptions, and special rules hereinafter stated:

(1) – The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall give an appropriate signal as provided for in s. 316.156, shall pass to the left thereof at a safe distance, and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle. The driver of a vehicle overtaking a bicycle or other nonmotorized vehicle must pass the bicycle or other nonmotorized vehicle at a safe distance of not less than 3 feet between the vehicle and the bicycle or other nonmotorized vehicle.

(2) – Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle, on audible signal or upon the visible blinking of the headlamps of the overtaking vehicle if such overtaking is being attempted at nighttime, and shall not increase the speed of his or her vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 304, ch. 95-148; s. 107, ch. 99-248; s. 3, ch. 2005-164; s. 50, ch. 2006-290.

316.084: When overtaking on the right is permitted. – (1) – The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass on the right of another vehicle only under the following conditions:

(a) – When the vehicle overtaken is making or about to make a left turn;

(b) – Upon a street or highway with unobstructed pavement not occupied by parked vehicles of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving traffic in each direction;

(c) – Upon a one-way street, or upon any roadway on which traffic is restricted to one direction of movement, where the roadway is free from obstructions and of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles.

(2) – The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle on the right only under conditions permitting such movement in safety. In no event shall such movement be made by driving off the pavement or main-traveled portion of the roadway.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 108, ch. 99-248.

316.085: Limitations on overtaking, passing, changing lanes and changing course. – (1) – No vehicle shall be driven to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless authorized by the provisions of this chapter and unless such left side is clearly visible and is free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking and passing to be completely made without interfering with the operation of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction of any vehicle overtaken. In every event the overtaking vehicle must return to an authorized lane of travel as soon as practicable and, in the event the passing movement involves the use of a lane authorized for vehicles approaching from the opposite direction, before coming within 200 feet of any approaching vehicle.

(2) – No vehicle shall be driven from a direct course in any lane on any highway until the driver has determined that the vehicle is not being approached or passed by any other vehicle in the lane or on the side to which the driver desires to move and that the move can be completely made with safety and without interfering with the safe operation of any vehicle approaching from the same direction.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 109, ch. 99-248.

316.087: Further limitations on driving to left of center of roadway. – (1) – No vehicle shall at any time be driven to the left side of the roadway under the following conditions:

(a) – When approaching or upon the crest of a grade where the driver’s view is obstructed within such distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle might approach from the opposite direction;

(b) – Upon a curve in the highway where the driver’s view is obstructed within such distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle might approach from the opposite direction;

(c) – When approaching within 100 feet of or traversing any intersection, except that this section shall not apply to any intersection on a state-maintained or county-maintained highway located outside city limits unless such intersection is marked by an official Department of Transportation or county road department traffic control device indicating an intersection either by symbol or by words and such marking is placed at least 100 feet before the intersection;

(d) – When approaching within 100 feet of or traversing any railroad grade crossing;

(e) – When the view is obstructed upon approaching within 100 feet of any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel.

(2) – The foregoing limitations shall not apply upon a one-way roadway, nor when an obstruction exists making it necessary to drive to the left of the center of the highway, nor to the driver of a vehicle turning left into or from an alley, private road or driveway.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 2, ch. 86-36; s. 110, ch. 99-248.

316.0875: No-passing zones. – (1) – The Department of Transportation and local authorities are authorized to determine those portions of any highway under their respective jurisdiction where overtaking and passing or driving to the left of the roadway would be especially hazardous and may, by appropriate signs or markings on the roadway, indicate the beginning and end of such zones, and when such signs or markings are in place and clearly visible to an ordinarily observant person, every driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions thereof.

(2) – Where signs or markings are in place to define a no-passing zone as set forth in subsection (1), no driver shall at any time drive on the left side of the roadway with such no-passing zone or on the left side of any pavement striping designed to mark such no-passing zone throughout its length.

(3) – This section does not apply when an obstruction exists making it necessary to drive to the left of the center of the highway, nor to the driver of a vehicle turning left into or from an alley, private road or driveway.

(4) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 111, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.086.

316.088: One-way roadways and rotary traffic islands. – (1) – The Department of Transportation and local authorities, with respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may designate any highway, roadway, part of a roadway, or specific lanes upon which vehicular traffic shall proceed in one direction at such times as shall be indicated by official traffic control devices.

(2) – Upon a roadway so designated for one-way traffic, a vehicle shall be driven only in the direction designated at such times as shall be indicated by official traffic control devices.

(3) – A vehicle passing around a rotary traffic island shall be driven only to the right of such island.

(4) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 112, ch. 99-248.

316.089: Driving on roadways laned for traffic. – Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic, the following rules, in addition to all others consistent herewith, shall apply:

(1) – A vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from such lane until the driver has first ascertained that such movement can be made with safety.

(2) – Upon a roadway which is divided into three lanes and provides for two-way movement of traffic, a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction when such center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance, when in preparation for making a left turn, or where such center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the same direction that the vehicle is proceeding and such allocation is designated by official traffic control devices.

(3) – Official traffic control devices may be erected directing specified traffic to use a designated lane or designating those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless of the center of the roadway; and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every such device.

(4) – Official traffic control devices may be installed prohibiting the changing of lanes on sections of roadway, and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every such device.

(5) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 113, ch. 99-248.

316.0895: Following too closely. – (1) – The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of such vehicles and the traffic upon, and the condition of, the highway.

(2) – It is unlawful for the driver of any motor truck, motor truck drawing another vehicle, or vehicle towing another vehicle or trailer, when traveling upon a roadway outside of a business or residence district, to follow within 300 feet of another motor truck, motor truck drawing another vehicle, or vehicle towing another vehicle or trailer. The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to prevent overtaking and passing nor shall the same apply upon any lane specially designated for use by motor trucks or other slow-moving vehicles.

(3) – Motor vehicles being driven upon any roadway outside of a business or residence district in a caravan or motorcade, whether or not towing other vehicles, shall be so operated as to allow sufficient space between each such vehicle or combination of vehicles as to enable any other vehicle to enter and occupy such space without danger. This provision shall not apply to funeral processions.

(4) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 1, ch. 76-31; s. 114, ch. 99-248.

Note. – Former s. 316.092.

316.090: Driving on divided highways. – (1) – Whenever any highway has been divided into two or more roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic, every vehicle shall be driven only upon the right-hand roadway unless directed or permitted to use another roadway by official traffic control devices or police officers.

(2) – No vehicle shall be driven over, across, or within any such dividing space, barrier, or section, except through an opening in such physical barrier or dividing section or space or at a crossover or intersection as established, unless specifically authorized by public authority.

(3) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 3, ch. 86-36; s. 115, ch. 99-248.

316.091: Limited access facilities; interstate highways; use restricted. – (1) – No person shall drive a vehicle onto or from any limited access roadway except at such entrances and exits as are established by public authority.

(2) – Except as provided herein, no person shall operate upon a limited access facility any bicycle, motor-driven cycle, animal-drawn vehicle, or any other vehicle which by its design or condition is incompatible with the safe and expedient movement of traffic.

(3) – No person shall ride any animal upon any portion of a limited access facility.

(4) – No person shall operate a bicycle or other human-powered vehicle on the roadway or along the shoulder of a limited access highway, including bridges, unless official signs and a designated, marked bicycle lane are present at the entrance of the section of highway indicating that such use is permitted pursuant to a pilot program of the Department of Transportation.

(5) – The Department of Transportation and expressway authorities are authorized to designate use of shoulders of limited access facilities and interstate highways under their jurisdiction for such vehicular traffic determined to improve safety, reliability, and transportation system efficiency. Appropriate traffic signs or dynamic lane control signals shall be erected along those portions of the facility affected to give notice to the public of the action to be taken, clearly indicating when the shoulder is open to designated vehicular traffic. This section may not be deemed to authorize such designation in violation of any federal law or any covenant established in a resolution or trust indenture relating to the issuance of turnpike bonds, expressway authority bonds, or other bonds.

(6) – The Department of Transportation shall establish a 2-year pilot program, in three separate urban areas, in which it shall erect signs and designate marked bicycle lanes indicating highway approaches and bridge segments of limited access highways as open to use by operators of bicycles and other human-powered vehicles, under the following conditions:

(a) – The limited access highway approaches and bridge segments chosen must cross a river, lake, bay, inlet, or surface water where no street or highway crossing the water body is available for use within 2 miles of the entrance to the limited access facility measured along the shortest public right-of-way.

(b) – The Department of Transportation, with the concurrence of the Federal Highway Administration on the interstate facilities, shall establish the three highway approaches and bridge segments for the pilot project by October 1, 2012. In selecting the highway approaches and bridge segments, the Department of Transportation shall consider, without limitation, a minimum size of population in the urban area within 5 miles of the highway approach and bridge segment, the lack of bicycle access by other means, cost, safety, and operational impacts.

(c) – The Department of Transportation shall begin the pilot program by erecting signs and designating marked bicycle lanes indicating highway approaches and bridge segments of limited access highways, as qualified by the conditions described in this subsection, as open to use by operators of bicycles and other human-powered vehicles no later than March 1, 2013.

(d) – The Department of Transportation shall conduct the pilot program for a minimum of 2 years following the implementation date.

(e) – The Department of Transportation shall submit a report of its findings and recommendations from the pilot program to the Governor, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives by September 1, 2015. The report shall include, at a minimum, bicycle crash data occurring in the designated segments of the pilot program, usage by operators of bicycles and other human-powered vehicles, enforcement issues, operational impacts, and the cost of the pilot program.

(7) – A violation of this section is a noncriminal traffic infraction, punishable as a moving violation as provided in chapter 318.

History – s. 1, ch. 71-135; s. 2, ch. 84-284; s. 2, ch. 84-309; s. 116, ch. 99-248; s. 16, ch. 2012-174.